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Pets

Pet care math: how much to feed, how much water, how old your dog is in human years, and pregnancy timelines.

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Pet care comes down to numbers more often than people expect: how much food, how much water, how big a crate, how old in human years. Getting them roughly right keeps a dog or cat healthy, and getting the medicine dose wrong is the one that can do real harm.

Food, water and size

A dog's calorie need starts with resting energy, which is 70 times its weight in kilograms raised to the power of 0.75. A 40-pound neutered adult that walks twice a day lands near 985 calories a day, which at 350 calories per cup is about 2.8 cups split into two meals. A 12-pound puppy at three months needs far more per pound, about 748 calories, served in three or four small meals. Water runs roughly an ounce per pound of body weight, more in heat or after heavy activity.

Medicine is the danger zone

Doses of Benadryl, Pepcid and Dramamine scale by weight, and these pages give reference estimates only. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, decongestants and the sweetener xylitol are toxic to dogs at human doses, so never guess with a medicine your vet has not cleared.

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